Basic Information
Product Name: Diphenylamine
Chemical Formula: C12H11N
Molar Mass: 169.23 g/mol
CAS Number: 122-39-4
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow flaky crystals; easily oxidizes to gray or pink upon exposure to air/light.
Melting Point: 53-54°C
Boiling Point: 302°C (at atmospheric pressure)
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; highly soluble in organic solvents (ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene, chloroform). Dissolves in concentrated mineral acids (e.g., H2SO4) to form salts.

Applications
Industry & Materials
Rubber Antioxidant: Inhibits oxidation and thermal aging in rubber (e.g., tires, hoses); commonly used as Antioxidant D (a derivative).
Explosive Stabilizer: Added to nitrocellulose/TNT to absorb acidic decomposition products (e.g., NO2), enhancing safety.
Polymerization Inhibitor: Prevents self-polymerization of olefins (e.g., styrene) during storage.
Chemical Analysis
Nitrate Detection: The blue color reaction with nitric acid serves as a qualitative test for nitrates or strong oxidizing agents (e.g., H2SO4 + nitrate mixtures).
Other Uses
As an intermediate in dye synthesis, an antioxidant in lubricants, and a raw material in pharmaceutical production.

Safety & Handling
Toxicity: Moderately toxic; may irritate skin/respiratory tract. Avoid prolonged exposure.
Storage: Store in sealed, light-resistant containers away from oxidizers and strong acids.
Protection: Use gloves, goggles, and work in a well-ventilated area.
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